Bovine coronavirus is an important pathogen that can infect bovine intestinal tract,respiratory tract and cause calf diarrhea,adult winter dysentery and bovine respiratory diseases of all ages,which seriously endangers the development of cattle industry.The spike protein is the main structural protein and immunogenic protein of the virus,which plays an important role in the initial infection of the virus and the induction of protective immunity.This paper describes the structural features,biological functions and application studies of the virulence of the spike protein,as well as its immunogenicity,causes of mutation and the latest research progress of the potential dual-receptor system,with the hope of providing a scientific basis for the development of a new type of vaccine and target therapeutic drugs,so as to formulate a rapid and effective safe prevention and control countermeasures to deal with the emergence of new strains of the disease.
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