Research Progress in Heteroresistance of Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is a common cause of infection in humans and ani-mals.In recent years,S.aureus has become resistant to a variety of antimicrobial drugs,and studies on heteroresistance in S.aureus have been frequently reported.The broadest definition of heteroresistance is the presence of a heterogeneous population of bacteria with one subpopula-tion or several subpopulations that exhibit increased levels of antibiotic resistance compared with the main population.However,this definition includes phenomena with very different character-istics;for example,clonality of resistant subpopulations,the stability of the resistant subpopula-tions,the resistance level of the resistant subpopulations,and at a frequency greater than 1 × 10-7.Heteroresistance is the intermediate stage of sensitive bacteria evolving into drug-resistant bacteria,which often leads to the failure of clinical therapy.This paper introduces the definition of heteroresistance,detection methods,etc.,and reviews the prevalence of heteroresistance of S.aureus to glycopeptides,sulfonamides,β-lactams,and other antibacterial agents and the study of the mechanism of heteroresistance.It is aimed to strengthen the understanding on the heteroresistance of S.aureus,and to provide a reference for scholars to understand the preva-lence and mechanism of heteroresistance of S.aureus.
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