Research Progress of Environmental Adaptability in Chickens from Perspective of Omics Analysis
Chicken is one of the most widely distributed animals in the world.It has evolved a stable genetic mechanism that allows it to adapt well to various environments,leading chicken as to become an important model for studying the biological mechanism of environmental adaptability.The development of sequencing technology and global environmental databases has made it possible to analyze the association between genetics and the environment.Population genetics,landscape genomics,pan-genome,and other research methods constantly promote researches on the chicken environmental adaptability,identifying a series of candidate factors,such as EPAS1 and HIF1A related to hypoxia adaptability;av-UCP related to cold adaptability and HSP related to heat adaptability in chickens,which laid the foundation for further studies on the genetic mechanism of environmental adaptability.Nevertheless,the molecular mechanisms of chicken environmental adaptability are still elusive.In this review,we summarize the recent research progress that chicken adapted to high-altitude,cold,heat,drought,and comprehensive climate,and put forward the challenges faced and the future research spots in the field,aiming to provide theoretical support for the conservation and utilization of chicken genetic resources.
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