Preparation of Nano-manganese and Its Biological Effects
Manganese is an important trace element that participates in various physiological processes,including skeletal,reproductive,energy metabolism,and normal functioning of the nervous and immune systems.Compared with soluble manganese ions,nano-manganese can maintain the continuous release of manganese ions at the injection site,induce local immune re-sponses,and enhance the cellular uptake of antigens by dendritic cells(DCs),promoting the acti-vation and maturation of DCs in the body.This article reviews the relevant issues of nano-manga-nese from the perspectives of their mechanism of action,preparation methods,functional charac-terization,problems with nano adjuvants,and solutions.The application of nano-manganese as vaccine adjuvants was emphasized and the problems and solutions of nano-manganese were pro-posed.