Analysis of the Changes of Vaginal Microflora and Serum Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Their Correlation in Sows with Endometritis
Endometritis is a prevalent disease in large-scale pig farms,but its pathogenic mecha-nism has not been fully clarified.This study aimed to analyze the diversity of vaginal microflora and its correlation with serum pro-inflammatory cytokines in sows with endometritis,with the ultimate goal of identifying the principal pathogenic bacteria responsible for endometritis in sows.Seven healthy(group C)and seven endometritis(group E)postpartum sows from a pig farm in the suburb of Beijing city were selected,respectively.Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines inter-leukin(IL)-1α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Genes in vaginal microflora of sows were sequenced through Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencing and microbial diversity were analyzed using the OmicStudio platform to evaluate the correlation between microbiota and pro-inflammatory cy-tokines.The results showed that the levels of IL-1α and IL-6 in group E were significantly higher than those in group C(P＜0.01).Vaginal microbial diversity was significantly lower in group E compared with group C(P＜0.05).At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Firmicutes in group E was drastically reduced compared with group C,while that of Proteobacteria was signifi-cantly increased in group E compared with group C(P＜0.01).At the genus level,the most dominant genera in group C and group E were Fusobacterium and Escherichia-Shigella,respec-tively.In group E,IL-8 was positively correlated with Ruminococcus and Aerococcus(P＜0.05),there was a significant positive correlation between IL-6 and Escherichia-Shigella(P＜0.01).In sows with endometritis,beneficial bacteria in the vaginal microflora were decreased,pathogenic bacteria were increased,serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were elevated com-pared with those in healthy sows.Serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were closely correlated with the number of certain vaginal microflora.This study can provide new insights for the pre-vention and therapy of endometritis in sows.
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