Effects and Regulation Methods of Progesterone on Reproduction in Dairy Cows During Estrus and Early Pregnancy
Insufficient progesterone levels during estrus and early pregnancy in dairy cows is one of significant factors contributing to low reproductive efficiency.Elevated progesterone levels have been shown to enhance oocyte quality,regulate hormone secretion,control the uterine envi-ronment,and promote embryonic development,thereby improving reproductive efficiency in dairy cows.Consequently,the relationship between progesterone levels during estrus and early pregnancy and reproductive efficiency in dairy cows has attracted significant attention.This paper summarizes the effects of progesterone on various stages of estrus and early pregnancy in dairy cows and explores methods to enhance progesterone levels during these critical periods.The ob-jective is to provide production guidance for dairy farming industry and to improve the quality and efficiency of dairy cow breeding.