Research Progress on Immune Regulatory Mechanisms of Early Pregnancy in Dairy Cows
The immune response of dairy cows is one of the key factors influencing early pregnancy embryonic loss.The establishment of pregnancy and placental development rely on the coordinated actions of immune cells(such as Tregs,macrophages,and NK cells)and immune regulatory fac-tors,which regulate the uterine receptivity to the embryo,embryo implantation,and maternal immune tolerance.Thus,a comprehensive understanding of the immune response processes at various stages of early pregnancy in cows is essential for improving pregnancy success rates.This paper provides a detailed analysis of the immune regulation mechanisms during artificial insemi-nation and early pregnancy in cows.It examines the balance and complex dynamic regulation be-tween pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in the maternal system.This research offer theoretical support for ensuring successful pregnancy through key stages including fertilization,blastocyst hatching,pregnancy recognition,and embryo implantation,aiming to enhance repro-ductive efficiency in dairy cows.
cowfertilizationblastocyst hatchingpregnancy recognitionperi-implantation period
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