Endotoxin-induced alterations of adipose tissue function:a pathway to bovine metabolic stress

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外文摘要：During the periparturient period,dairy cows exhibit negative energy balance due to limited appetite and increased energy requirements for lactogenesis.The delicate equilibrium between energy availability and expenditure puts cows in a state of metabolic stress characterized by excessive lipolysis in white adipose tissues(AT),increased pro-duction of reactive oxygen species,and immune cell dysfunction.Metabolic stress,especially in AT,increases the risk for metabolic and inflammatory diseases.Around parturition,cows are also susceptible to endotoxemia.Bacterial-derived toxins cause endotoxemia by promoting inflammatory processes and immune cell infiltration in different organs and systems while impacting metabolic function by altering lipolysis,mitochondrial activity,and insulin sensitivity.In dairy cows,endotoxins enter the bloodstream after overcoming the defense mechanisms of the epi-thelial barriers,particularly during common periparturient conditions such as mastitis,metritis,and pneumonia,or after abrupt changes in the gut microbiome.In the bovine AT,endotoxins induce a pro-inflammatory response and stimulate lipolysis in AT,leading to the release of free fatty acids into the bloodstream.When excessive and pro-tracted,endotoxin-induced lipolysis can impair adipocyte's insulin signaling pathways and lipid synthesis.Endotoxin exposure can also induce oxidative stress in AT through the production of reactive oxygen species by inflammatory cells and other cellular components.This review provides insights into endotoxins'impact on AT function,highlight-ing the gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying AT dysfunction,its connection with periparturient cows'disease risk,and the need to develop effective interventions to prevent and treat endotoxemia-related inflam-matory conditions in dairy cattle.

外文关键词：

Adipose tissue dysfunctionEndotoxinInflammationInsulin resistance

作者：

Miguel Chirivi、G.Andres Contreras

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作者单位：

Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences,Michigan State University,East Lansing,MI,USA

基金：

USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture(Washington,DC)competitiveUSDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture(Washington,DC)competitiveDepartment of Large Animal Clinical Sciences(East Lansing,MI)Office of the Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Studies of the College of Veterinary Medicine(East Lansing,MI)Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine Endowed Research Funds 2020(East Lansing,MI)Robert and Janet Hafner Fund for Animal HealthMichigan Alliance for Animal AgricultureMichigan Alliance for Animal AgricultureMichigan Alliance for Animal Agriculture

项目编号：

2019-67015-294432021-67015-34563East Lansingawards AA-21-154AA-22-055

出版年：

2024

DOI：

10.1186/s40104-024-01013-8

畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)

中国科学技术协会

畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)

CSTPCD

影响因子：0.765

ISSN：1674-9782

年,卷(期)：2024.15(4)