Abstract
Background C16∶0 and cis-9 C18∶1 may have different effects on animal growth and health due to unique metabo-lism in vivo.This study was investigated to explore the different effects of altering the ratio of C16∶0 and cis-9 C18∶1 in fat supplements on growth performance,lipid metabolism,intestinal barrier,cecal microbiota,and inflammation in fattening bulls.Thirty finishing Angus bulls(626±69 kg,21±0.5 months)were divided into 3 treatments according to the randomized block design:(1)control diet without additional fat(CON),(2)CON+2.5％palmitic acid calcium salt(PA,90％C16∶0),and(3)CON+2.5％mixed fatty acid calcium salt(MA,60％C16∶0+30％cis-9 C18∶1).The experiment lasted for 104 d,after which all the bulls were slaughtered and sampled for analysis.Results MA tended to reduce 0-52 d dry matter intake compared to PA(DMI,P=0.052).Compared with CON and MA,PA significantly increased 0-52 d average daily gain(ADG,P=0.027).PA tended to improve the 0-52 d feed conversion rate compared with CON(FCR,P=0.088).Both PA and MA had no significant effect on 52-104 days of DMI,ADG and FCR(P＞0.05).PA tended to improve plasma triglycerides compared with MA(P=0.077),significantly increased plasma cholesterol(P=0.002)and tended to improve subcutaneous adipose weight(P=0.066)when com-pared with CON and MA.Both PA and MA increased visceral adipose weight compared with CON(P=0.021).Only PA increased the colonization of Rikenellaceae,Ruminococcus and Proteobacteria in the cecum,and MA increased Akker-mansia abundance(P＜0.05).Compared with CON,both PA and MA down-regulated the mRNA expression of Clau-din-1 in the jejunum(P＜0.001),increased plasma diamine oxidase(DAO,P＜0.001)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS,P=0.045).Compared with CON and MA,PA down-regulated the ZO-1 in the jejunum(P＜0.001)and increased plasma LPS-binding protein(LBP,P＜0.001).Compared with CON,only PA down-regulated the Occludin in the jejunum(P=0.013).Compared with CON,PA and MA significantly up-regulated the expression of TLR-4 and NF-κB in the vis-ceral adipose(P＜0.001)and increased plasma IL-6(P＜0.001).Compared with CON,only PA up-regulated the TNF-αin the visceral adipose(P=0.01).Compared with CON and MA,PA up-regulated IL-6 in the visceral adipose(P＜0.001),increased plasma TNF-α(P＜0.001),and reduced the IgG content in plasma(P=0.035).Compared with CON,PA and MA increased C16∶0 in subcutaneous fat and longissimus dorsi muscle(P＜0.05),while more C16∶0 was also depos-ited by extension and desaturation into C18∶0 and cis-9 C18∶1.However,neither PA nor MA affected the content of cis-9 C18∶1 in longissimus dorsi muscle compared with CON(P＞0.05).Conclusions MA containing 30％cis-9 C18∶1 reduced the risk of high C16∶0 dietary fat induced subcutaneous fat obesity,adipose tissue and systemic low-grade inflammation by accelerating fatty acid oxidative utilization,improving colonization of Akkermansia,reducing intestinal barrier damage,and down-regulating NF-κB activation.
基金项目
earmarked fund(CARS36)
Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(YQ2023C011)
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2000701)
Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang Province(GZ20230028)
万方数据