Research Progress on the Nutritional Components of Wild Rice(Zizania spp.)and Its Processing and Utilization
As a gluten-free whole grain food with balanced nutrition,wild rice contains rich nutrients and has significant nutritional,health care and medical values.This article systematically summarizes the re-search progress in the nutritional components and processing applications of wild rice in recent years.The rich nutrients in wild rice mainly include carbohydrates,proteins,lipids,vitamins,phenolic compounds,phytosterols,y-oryzanol and y-aminobutyric acid,etc.,and it possesses activities such as antioxidant and anti-cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.The current processing methods of wild rice are single processing method,and the application is still at the primary stage.Conducting research on new process-ing methods of wild rice and expanding its application characteristics are important research tasks in this field at present.This article looks forward to the future direction of in-depth research and the processing application development of wild rice in China.In the future,excellent varieties of wild rice need to be se-lected and bred,and the planting rate needs to be increased.The processing of wild rice can be developed from three categories:staple foods,snack foods and fermented foods,and it can also be added as a dietary supplement of foods to enhance the nutritional value of the products.This can provide a reference for the rational development and comprehensive application of wild rice in the food field.
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