Ways to Understand Children:From Observation to Empathy
Understanding children is the root of a child standpoint.Thus,observation as a traditional way has gained a fundamental position in current educational practice.However,while the observation under the positivism paradigm currently advocated is effective,it may bring hidden but innegligible triple danger to the understanding of children because of its three tendencies.First,the central tendency of the observation subject may lead to the obscuration of children's subjectivity.The second is the possible dismantling of the wholeness of children caused by the targeting trend of observation content.The third is that the determination of observation results may lead to the arrogance of children's infinity.Therefore,based on Stein's phenomenology,empathy as a new way to understand children is proposed.Empathy can help defuse the danger hidden in the observation of the positivist paradigm.Empathy affirms the subjectivity of the other;the other constructed by empathy is a complete unity;empathy respects the absolute otherness of the other.The practice of empathy is divided into three stages:the first is an invitation to children so that children can be present in their natural visage;the second is to hide oneself to open the glade for the children to appear;the third is to throw oneself to follow the children to clarify their experience.
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