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语言与家庭教养:不平等童年的社会建构

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语言,既是家庭教养的内容,也是其实践媒介.在家庭教养造就不平等童年的运作机制中,它可谓是轴心要素.首先,家庭有意识的语言教养是最表层的实践.不同阶层家庭的语言教养表现出"儿童中心—情境中心"的模式差异,为儿童语言习得搭建了不同的"脚手架".其次,家庭教养中的语码模式也隐性地形塑着不同阶层儿童的语言模式.借助于语言的表层和深层实践,家庭教养不只影响儿童的语言社会化,还影响他们的思维和认知方式、行为模式以及自我认知等.家庭语言社会化的阶层差异推动着儿童整体社会化的阶层分化,促成儿童文化的"阶层区隔".面对学校教育标准的衡量,底层儿童在学校教育中的"弱势"是多维的,他们遭遇到学习、社会交往以及自我认知等多方面的适应困难.从语言层面探究家庭教养的阶层分化,展现了教育过程不公平的形成机制,使研究者在家校关联中理解了教育过程不公平的微观运作.
Language and Family Upbringing:Social Construction of Unequal Childhood
Language is both the content and media of family upbringing.It is the core factor in the construction of unequal childhood.First,the conscious language teaching in family is the surface practice.The language teachings in family of different classes show the differences between"child-centered model"and"situation-centered model",and put up different scaffoldings for the children's learning of language.Second,the language code model of family upbringing also shapes the language model of children of different classes.By the surface and deep practice of language,the family upbringing influences not only the language socialization of children,but also their thinking and cognition model,behavior model,self-cognition,and so on.Different language socializations in families of different classes boost the stratum differentiation of children's whole socialization and lead to the hierarchical segmentation of children's culture.Facing the measurement of school's standard,the disadvantage of underprivileged children in school education is multi-dimensional.They confront with adaptation difficulty of learning,social interaction,self-cognition and so on.Exploring the stratum differentiation of family upbringings in the aspect of language shows the formation mechanism of inequality in the process of education,enabling researchers to study the micro-operation of inequality in the process of education in the view of home-school connection.

family upbringinglanguageunequal childhoodstratum differentiation of education

汤美娟

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内蒙古师范大学教育学院,呼和浩特 010022

家庭教养 语言 不平等童年 教育的阶层分化

国家社科基金 "十三五"规划教育学西部项目

XAA190281

2024

学前教育研究
中国学前教育研究会,长沙师范学校(专科)

学前教育研究

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.461
ISSN:1007-8169
年,卷(期):2024.(5)
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