Is Being Together Good Enough?—Latent Profile Analysis of Parental Involvement and Their Associations with School Readiness of Migrant Children in Contemporary China
This study aims to identify different types of parental involvement in Chinese migrant families,supporting migrant children's school readiness and mitigating the inter-generational transmission of disadvantaged human capital.These issues are crucial for supporting high-quality population development in the context of Chinese modernization.This study uses a stratified random sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey,collecting data from 252 kindergarten classes across the Pearl River Delta region.A total of 3,319 preschool migrant children and their parents were sampled.Latent profile analysis was used to explore the typological characteristics of parental involvement and the demographic features of different subgroups,as well as to examine the relationship between parental involvement types and children's school readiness.The results reveal four profiles of parental involvement:Low cognition and low activity frequency(C1 26.60%),Moderate cognition and moderate activity frequency(C2 27.36%),Moderate cognition and low activity frequency(C3 24.59%),and High cognition and high activity frequency(C4 21.45%).Furthermore,most migrant families struggle to balance"earning a living"and"caring for children",leading to a misalignment between parenting cognition and practice.Family background factors influence the types of parental involvement,with economic and cultural capital being significant determinants.Comprehensive engagement in both parental cognition and activities is more effective in supporting children's school readiness.Educators should systematically identify the various types of parental involvement and provide effective support to different migrant families.The government is urged to optimize policies that support the education of migrant children and promote the creation of a child-friendly society to alleviate the challenges of time constraints in parenting.Parents should actively assume the responsibility of family education,fostering comprehensive involvement in their children's educational activities.
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