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直觉主义视野下康德的德性理论

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随着直觉主义伦理学的发展,人们逐渐意识到其与康德伦理学存在着复杂的关系.比较有争议性的问题是,直觉是否在康德伦理学中占有基础性地位?并且,这种直觉在康德眼中主要是属于理性还是情感?康德伦理学确实蕴含着一定的直觉主义要素,甚至还比较重要,但是康德总体上与当代典型的直觉主义者仍然存在本质性区别,这主要体现为其以纯粹实践理性与定言命令为核心的义务论.不过,从广义的角度看,可以从康德那里发展出一套有特色的道德直觉理论,它既包括道德禀赋,又包括通过后天的道德训练所形成的理性能力,其中蕴含着必要的情感要素,这些集中地体现在他的德性概念中,它们主要以道德情感的形式表现出来,具有一定的道德直觉的功能.
Kant's Theory of Virtue from the Perspective of Intuitionism
Although with the development of intuitionist ethics,researchers realize its complex relation-ship with Kantian ethics.it remains controversial whether intuition plays a foundational role in Kantian ethics,or whether intuition primarily rational or emotional in Kant's view.This paper argues that though Kantian ethics indeed contains certain even significant elements of intuitionism,it differs fundamentally from contem-porary typical intuitionism,which is mainly reflected in his deontology centered on pure practical reason and categorical imperative.However,from a broader perspective,a distinctive theory of moral intuition can be de-veloped from Kant's thoughts.It includes both moral predisposition and the ability of reasoning formed by acquired moral training,containing necessary emotional elements.These major theoretical innovations are en-capsulated in his theory of virtue,which primarily demonstrated in the form of moral feelings and functioned as moral intuition.

reasonemotionjudgementmoral predispositionmoral intuition

董滨宇

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中共北京市委党校 哲学与文化教研部,北京 100044

理性 情感 判断 道德直觉 道德禀赋

北京市社会科学基金重点项目

22ZXA005

2024

学术界
安徽省社会科学界联合会

学术界

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.411
ISSN:1002-1698
年,卷(期):2024.(7)