《天问》"载尸集战"与商周战前告祖礼
Tian Wen"Zai Shi Ji Zhan"and the Rituals for Ancestor Sacrifice of the Pre-War Period of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties
谢乃和 1高长浩1
作者信息
- 1. 东北师范大学历史文化学院(吉林长春,130024)
- 折叠
摘要
《楚辞·天问》作为战国写成而流传至今的文献,所记"武王伐纣"史事可与先秦早期文献及古文字资料等多重史料相互印证.其中"载尸集战"一句,所述为周武王因卜兆不吉未及设木主便直接载文王神尸出征的历史细节,为其他先秦文献所阙载,具有珍贵的史料价值.相关研究不仅为周初即存在的尸祭礼俗提供了重要例证,也有助于还原商周时期战前告祖礼的具体仪式内容."载尸集战"还反映了商周早期国家基于"神道设教"国家治理的需要,其宗教礼俗在损益嬗变中一脉相承地形成了以祭祀文化为主、兼容巫文化的原生宗教形态,进而形塑成商周时期早期国家宗教的重要特征.
Abstract
As a document handed down from the Warring States period to the present day,the historical event of"King Wu's conquest of Zhou"recorded in Tian Wen of Chu Ci is consistent with multiple documents and have some historical value.The phrase"Zai Shi Ji Zhan"(carrying the tablet of the deceased)reflects the historical detail that King Wu carried the divine corpse of King Wen to the battle before setting up the wooden master because of the bad omen.This not only provides an important example of the existence of corpse rituals at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty,but also helps to restore the pre-war rituals of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties to tell the ancestors.The phrase"Zai Shi Ji Zhan"(carrying the tablet of the deceased)also reflects the intermingling of witchcraft and ancestral rituals during the Shang and Zhou periods,and more intuitively reflects the important feature of early Chinese native religious forms that were mainly ritual culture compatible with witch culture.
关键词
《天问》/武王伐纣/尸祭/战前告祖礼/巫术与祭祀引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项重大招标项目(22VLS004)
国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BZS020)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据