From Qing Dynasty,Qing Kingdom to"China"—A Discussion on the"Order under the Heaven"During the Imperial Period
The kingdomname of the Qing Dynasty was"Qing",but in the Qing Nationality Regulations of the late Qing Dynasty,"China"was used as the"nationality",and thus thekingdomname seems to have become the"China".To understand this process,it is necessary to understand the"Order under the Heaven"constructed during the imperial period.First of all,there is an essential difference between the Qing Dynasty and the(Great)Qing Kingdom,the Qing Dynasty is in charge ofthe"under the Heaven",while the Qing Kingdom is in charge of the modern so-called Qing Dynasty's"territory".Secondly,in addition to being a country and a geographical unit,"China"also expressed its superiority over the"four barbarians",which made it the core of the Qing dynasty and one of the sources of legitimacy for the Qing dynasty's control of the"under the Heaven".Thirdly,during the imperial period,because of the superiority expressed in the word"China",the term"China"was usually used when interacting with the"four barbarians",and not too much use of the neutral"QingKingdom",and even less use of the"Name of the under the Heaven"of the imperial dynasty.Finally,because Britain,France,the United States,Russia and other countries used to use the word"China"to refer to the geographical scope of the dynasty.Thus,the internal and external factors are intertwined which made the late Qing Dynasty in the transition to a modern state,more and more use of"China"as the name of the country.
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
