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树影里的拓跋华化

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由漠南草原踏入雁北再南迁河洛,拓跋鲜卑在生存环境和文化习俗两个层面实现了中原化。人树关系变迁是理解这一进程的关键线索。林木是游牧生计里的珍稀之物,草原上流行的蹛林祭俗和"成林"神话反映了拓跋部民对乔木的崇重。而在华北的自然条件下,树木构成衣食的重要支柱,这对披毳饮酪的北族来说不易想象、不曾体验。经过立都平城之初的冲突与适应,北魏统治者逐渐习得汉晋旧制与民间经验,复新创政策来推动桑、枣、榆的种植。迁都洛阳后,拓跋君臣才接触到频见于华夏语言和典籍的梧桐、竹之实物,得以摆脱日常生活同知识素养的背离。中原社会赋予林木的意涵,最终支配了拓跋鲜卑面对树的认知和感受。
A Study on the Sinicization of the Tuoba Xianbei from the Perspective of Human-Tree Relations
By moving from the steppe to the north of Shanxi and then to Luoyang,the Tuoba Xianbei realized the Sinicization in terms of the living environment and cultural practices.The changing relationship between people and trees is a key clue to understanding this process.Trees were rare in nomadic livelihoods,and the popular rituals and myths on the steppe reflected the high regard of the Tuoba tribesmen for trees.In the natural conditions of northern China,trees constituted an important pillar of food and clothing.The Northern Wei rulers gradually drew on the old Han and Jin systems and folk experience to implement a new policy of mulberry,jujube and elm cultivation.After moving the capital to Luoyang,Tuoba's rulers came into contact with physical objects such as sycamore and bamboo,which were familiar in the Central Plains culture,and got rid of the deviation from daily life and intellectual literacy.The connotations given to trees by the Central Plains society ultimately dominated the Tuoba people's perceptions and emotions toward trees.

Northern WeiTuoba Xianbeienvironmenthuman-tree relationsSinicization

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复旦大学历史学系(上海200433)

北魏 拓跋鲜卑 环境 人树关系 华夏化

教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目

20XJC77000222JJD770006

2024

学术月刊
上海市社会科学界联合会

学术月刊

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.846
ISSN:0439-8041
年,卷(期):2024.56(10)