All knowledge,especially scientific knowledge,is undoubtedly the result of cognition,and cognitive actions are a specific function to the cognitive system.The cognitive system,especially the human brain,is responsible for cognitive actions,such as perception,learning,reasoning,and commu-nication.These cognitive actions occur,because of the natural structure and function of the cognitive sys-tem on which they are based,and because of their interaction with their natural-cultural environment.It is the cognitive system that constantly anticipates and processes and adjusts itself in an uncertain environ-ment,thus develops an adaptive representational capacity that is dependent on the environment,which in turn leads to various types of knowledge.