Scalar Reasoning and the Logical Semantic Relations between the Lexical Items Preceding and Following"Baokuo"
There are three distinct logical semantic relations between the lexical terms preceding and following the prepositional term"baokuo(including)".Specifically,the preceding item includes the following one,the following item includes the preceding one,and while both the preceding and the following items have no direct relation,they belong to the same set.Given that"baokuo",as a proto-typical presupposition trigger,is closely tied to inference,only when it simultaneously activates both the existential and scalar presup-positions,is the coexistence of these three relations possible.Through the description and comparison of the scalar reasoning mecha-nisms underlying the three logical semantic relations,it is found that the three relations are not isolated or mutually incompatible.In-stead,they rest on a unified logical foundation with the same semantic core and exhibit a high degree of inherent logic consistency in scalar reasoning from the perspective of possibility.That is,all the three relations adhere to a directional inference from less probable to more.The variations in meaning arise from the factors involved in the scalar inference process,among which the most direct influences are the emergence or concealment of specific logical relations,the selection of different reference points and the resultant divergent paths of inference built upon the selection.
baokuo(including)logical semantic relationshipscalar reasoningreasoning mechanismreference function
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