Progress in the Application of Tumor Marker Detection Methods for Blad-der Cancer
As a common malignant tumor in the urinary system,bladder cancer has a high recurrence rate and poor prognostic characteristics.Early diagnosis and effective monitoring are crucial for improving patient survival.The de-tection methods of bladder cancer tumor markers play a key role in the early detection of the disease,the assessment of treatment effects,and the prognosis analysis.This review focused on the latest research advances in the classifica-tion and detection techniques of bladder cancer tumor markers,covering a wide range of markers,and discusses DNA electrochemical sensors,electrochemical immunosensors(including label-free electrochemical immunosensors and sandwich electrochemical immunosensors),and other detection methods(such as fluorescence in situ hybridization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).These methods have become indispensable tools in the management of bladder cancer due to their high sensitivity,simplicity,non-invasiveness and low cost.The aim of this paper is to pro-vide more effective strategies for the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of bladder cancer.
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