如何在人工智能中看到自己:论计算与判断的关系
Seeing Oneself in Artificial Intelligence:On the Relationship between Computation and Judgment
胡泳1
作者信息
- 1. 北京大学新闻与传播学院,北京 100871
- 折叠
摘要
从图灵开始,人类的拟人论心理倾向就影响着人工智能的发展.它建立在一个基本假设之上:大脑类似于计算机,反之亦然.拟人化的类比将预测分析与人类决策混为一谈,并将海量数据集与人类知识、社会经验和文化承诺等同起来,致使人类事务中出现了用计算代替判断的趋势.本文主张,用多元的、超越人类的术语来描述"智能".在任何情况下,人们都不应该用纯粹的计算术语来思考人工智能;相反,要认识到,人工智能是一个复杂的社会—技术人工制品,应该是通过多样化社会过程而实现的构建之物.
Abstract
From Turing onwards,the anthropomorphic tendency of humans has been influencing the development of artificial intelligence.It is built on a basic assumption:the brain is similar to a computer,and vice versa.The anthropomorphized analogy blurs the line between predictive analytics and human decision-making,equating massive datasets with human knowledge,social experience and cultural commitments,leading to a trend of substituting calculation for judgment in human affairs This paper argues that"intelligence"should be described using pluralistic more-than-human terms and under no circumstances should artificial intelligence be conceptualized purely in computational terms;instead,it should be recognized as a complex socio-technical artifact constructed through diverse social processes.
关键词
拟人论/人工智能/计算/判断Key words
anthropomorphism/artificial intelligence/calculation/judgment引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据