Type 1 cardiorenal syndrome(CRS-1)is a common complication of acute heart failure(AHF)with a poor prognosis,as AHF causes the worsening of renal function.Current understanding of the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of CRS-1 is inadequate.The pathogenesis of CRS-1 is mainly associated with hemodynamic alterations,neurohormonal activation,inflammatory response and oxidative stress,while biomarkers for early diagnosis of CRS-1 have been expanded to include renal,cardiac,and inflammatory markers in addition to creatinine.This article reviews the research progress of CRS-1 pathogenesis and biomarkers,which can help guide the further research to diagnose CRS-1 early and improve the prognosis of AHF.
Type 1 cardiorenal syndromeAcute heart failurePathogenesisBiomarker
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