Liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)refers to the process in which biological macromolecules(such as proteins,nucleic acids,etc.)in cells condense into droplets in solution to form different liquid phases.This process is regulated by many factors,such as post-translational modification,redox reaction,temperature,luminosity,ion concentration,chaperone protein and so on.LLPS is a ubiquitous and crucial phenomenon in cell life activities,which participates in the formation of membranous organelles,gene transcriptional regulation,cell signal transduction,angiogenesis and so on.In recent years,LLPS has been involved in many cardiovascular diseases,such as the development of atherosclerosis,the formation of myocardial fibrosis,the occurrence of cardiomyopathy and so on.This article provides a detailed review of the physiological mechanism of LLPS and its role in various cardiovascular diseases,aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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