Pathogenesis and Treatment of Diuretic Resistance in Patients with Heart Failure
Heart failure(HF)is the ultimate outcome of various primary or secondary cardiac diseases and stands as a significant global health concern.Controlling sodium intake and using diuretics are widely recognized as fundamental therapeutic approaches for HF.However,approximately 20％to 50％of HF patients experience diuretic resistance(DR).DR is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events,prolonged hospitalization,and readmission in HF patients.This review aims to outline the phenomenon of DR in HF patients,comprehensively summarizing its pathogenesis and treatment.It is intended to provide clinicians and researchers with a more comprehensive and multidimensional understanding,promoting in-depth discussions on the pathogenesis and treatment strategies for HF patients with DR.
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