Clinically,the condition of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF)is characterized by progressive decline of cardiac function,accompanied by repeated hospitalization,aggravation of symptoms,obvious deterioration of quality of life,and a huge economic burden on patients'family.And as time goes,therapeutic effect of drugs that used to improve prognosis gradually decrease.Even with the use of the most advanced medical measures,the mortality of patients remains rising.Clinically,HFrEF patients are more likely to occur intolerance to neurohormonal drugs,high request dose of diuretics and diuretic-resistant cardiorenal syndrome,thus neurohormonal activation may be a main determining factor of its progression.The present article reviews the disease progress mechanism and therapeutic program of HFrEF.
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