摘要
目的 探讨丙泊酚镇静体外循环(CPB)下心脏瓣膜置换术后谵妄发生的影响因素.方法 选择2020年1月至2022年12月于南阳市中心医院行CPB下心脏瓣膜置换术患者152例为研究对象,依据丙泊酚镇静深度将患者分为观察A组[50≤脑电双频指数(BIS)＜60]和观察B组(35≤BIS＜45),每组76例.收集患者的年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、糖尿病、高血压、冠状动脉性心脏病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、睡眠障碍、营养障碍、焦虑、抑郁、吸烟史、饮酒史、术前心功能不全、术中低氧血症、术中低蛋白血症、术后急性肾损伤、二次插管、大量输血、过度疼痛、术后左心室射血分数(LVEF)、手术方式、CPB时间等临床资料,采用重症监护病房(ICU)患者意识模糊评估法(CAM-ICU)评估患者术后谵妄发生情况.比较观察A组和观察B组患者术后谵妄发生情况;应用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析术后谵妄发生的影响因素.结果 152例心脏瓣膜置换术患者有36例发生术后谵妄,发生率为23.68％.观察A组和观察B组患者术后谵妄发生率分别为38.16％(29/76)、9.21％(7/76),观察A组患者术后谵妄发生率显著高于观察B组(x2=17.617,P＜0.05).性别、BMI、合并糖尿病、合并高血压、合并冠状动脉性心脏病、合并认知障碍、合并睡眠障碍、合并营养障碍、合并焦虑、合并抑郁、吸烟史、饮酒史、术中低氧血症、术中低蛋白血症、术后急性肾损伤、二次插管、大量输血、手术方式与患者术后谵妄发生无关(P＞0.05);年龄、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、术前心功能不全、过度疼痛、术后LVEF、CPB时间与患者术后谵妄发生相关(P＜0.05).多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、术前心功能不全、过度疼痛、CPB时间≥100 min是患者术后谵妄发生的危险因素(P＜0.05),术后LVEF≥50％、丙泊酚镇静深度35≤BIS＜45是患者术后谵妄发生的保护因素(P＜0.05).结论 丙泊酚镇静深度为35≤BIS＜45、术后LVEF≥50％可有效降低患者CPB下心脏瓣膜置换术后谵妄的发生风险,年龄≥60岁、术前心功能不全、过度疼痛、CPB时间≥ 100 min会增加患者术后谵妄的发生风险.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the influencing factors of delirium after cardiac valve replacement went under car-diopulmonary bypass(CPB)with propofol sedation.Methods A total of 152 patients underwent cardiac valve replacement under CPB in Nanyang Central Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as research objects,and they were randomly divided into observation group A[50 ≤bispectral index(BIS)＜60]and observation group B(35≤BIS＜45)according to the depth of propofol sedation,with 76 cases in each group.The clinical data such as age,gender,body mass index(BMI),diabetes,hypertension,coronary heart disease,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,sleep disorder,nutritional disorder,anxiety,depression,smoking history,drinking history,preoperative cardiac insufficiency,intraoperative hypoxemia,intraoperative hypoproteinemia,postoperative acute renal injury,secondary intubation,massive blood transfusion,excessive pain,postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),surgical method and CPB time were collected,and the incidence of postoperative delirium of patients was evaluated by the confusion assessment method of intensive care unit(CAM-ICU)method.The incidence of postoperative delirium of patients between observation group A and observation group B was compared.The influencing factors of postoperative delirium occurrence was analyzed by using univariate and multivariate logis-tic regression analysis.Results Among the 152 patients underwent heart valve replacement,36 patients experienced postoperative delirium,with an incidence of 23.68％.The incidence of postoperative delirium of patients in the observation group A and the observation group B was 38.16％(29/76),9.21％(7/76),respectively;the incidence of postoperative delirium of patients in the observation group A was significantly higher than that in the observation group B(x2=17.617,P＜0.05).The gender,BMI,diabetes,hypertension,coronary heart disease,cognitive disorder,sleep disorder,nutritional disorder,anxiety,depression,smoking history,drinking history,intraoperative hypoxemia,intraoperative hypoproteinemia,postoperative acute renal injury,secondary intubation,massive blood transfusion,and surgical method were not related to postoperative delirium(P＞0.05);the age,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,preoperative heart failure,excessive pain,postoperative LVEF,and CPB time were associated with postoperative delirium(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age 60 years,preoperative cardiac dysfunction,excessive pain,and CPB time≥100 minutes were risk factors for postoperative delirium(P＜0.05),while postoperative LVEF≤50％and propofol sedation depth of 35≤BIS＜45 were protective factors for postoperative delirium(P＜0.05).Conclusion Propofol sedation depth of 35≤BIS＜45,postoperative LVEF ≥50％can effectively reduce the risk of postoperative delirium after cardiac valve replacement under CPB.Age≥60 years old,preoperative cardiac insufficiency,excessive pain,and CPB time≥100 min can increase the risk of postoperative delirium.
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