Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have been regarded as prospective rechargeable energy storage devi-ces because of the high theoretical capacity and low redox potential of Zn metal.However,the uncontrollable for-mation of dendrites and the water-induced side reactions at the Zn/electrolyte interface,and the poor reversibility under a high current density(＞2 mA·cm-2)and large area capacity(＞2 mAh·cm-2)still limit the practical applica-tions of AZIBs.Therefore,a strategy that can overcome these difficulties is urgently needed.Here,we introduce an environmentally friendly and low-cost additive,namely urea,to the electrolyte of AZIBs to induce uniform Zn deposition and suppress the side reactions.Measurements of the adsorption behavior,electrochemical characteriza-tion,and observations of the morphology revealed the interfacial modification induced by urea on the Zn/elec-trolyte interface,demonstrating its huge potential in AZIBs.Consequently,the long-term cycling stability(over 2100 h)of a Zn/Zn symmetric cell under a high current density of 5 mA·cm-2 and a capacity of 5 mAh·cm-2 was achieved with a 1 mol·L-1 ZnSO4 electrolyte with the urea additive.Additionally,the assembled Zn/NH4V4O10 full cell with urea exhibited excellent cycling performance and an outstanding average Coulombic efficiency of 99.98％.These results indicate that this is a low-cost and effective additive strategy for realizing highly reversible AZIBs.
School of Material Science and Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,China
School of Information Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,China
Longmen Laboratory,Luoyang 471023,China
Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology,Luoyang 471023,China
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Key Science and Technology Program of Henan ProvinceKey Science and Technology Program of Henan ProvincePh.D.Research Startup Foundation of Henan University of Science and TechnologyPostdoctoral Research Startup Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology
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