The Collaborations and Conflicts of Germany and Russia in the Turfan Archaeology during the late Modern Period
Based on the correspondences between Russian archaeologists Oldenburg,Klements,and the German explorer Grünwedel recently published by the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sci-ences,as well as the historical documents from the Asian Art Museum in Berlin,this article presents a thorough overview of the German-Russian Xinjiang Expedition,including their short-term collabora-tions,the division of archaeological research areas within the team,and the causes and consequences of their conflicts.This article argues that the archaeological activities of Dr.Kokhanovsky from the Russian Embassy in Urumqi in the Turfan region was the direct cause of the dispute between the two parties,while the arrival of Le Coq's expedition team in Kucha marked the escalation of conflicts between Germany and Russia and the collapse of collaboration.
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