Depictions of Hu-cao(户曹)and cang-cao(仓曹)in Turfan documents and their interrelationships
In the early Tang period,Hu-cao(户曹)and cang-cao(仓曹)were important admin-istrative subdivisions of Shang-shu-sheng(尚书省)at the level of"fu(府)"and"zhou(州)",re-sponsible for local administrative functions.Hu-cao managed civil registration,which also gave rise to re-sponsibilities in domains such as corvee,conscription,and agriculture.Cang-cao managed grain storage and dealt with affairs such as agricultural fields,markets,and tax collection.Based on Turfan docu-ments,Hu-cao and Cang-cao had some overlapping responsibilities in matters that concern social econo-my and local governance.These include land management,taxation,marketing management,and over-seeing demographic movements.The two parties collaborated based on respective responsibilities and the coordination of chief officers.Flexibilities and adaptations can also be found in the two offices in actual practices.
the early Tang periodXizhouHu-caoCang-caoTurfan documents
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