A Study on the Title of"btsan-mo"in the Old Tibetan Annals
In the old Tibetan manuscripts from Dunhuang,P.T.1288,IOL Tib J 750,and B.M.Or8212(187),there are four different terms used to refer to female relatives through marriage,namely btsan-mo,lcam,je-ba,and jo-mo.Based on the examples in the Old Tibetan Annals from Dunhuang,a statistical and categorical analysis has been conducted on these four terms.Primarily focusing on the attributes and concepts of the political term btsan-mo in the Tubo political discourse,this article analyzes the usage of this term in the Old Tibetan Annals and the identities of eight individuals who once had the title of btsan-mo,and summarized the pragmatic use and actual meaning of btsan-mo from a philological perspective.Through a comprehensive analysis,the article tentatively concludes that btsanmo mentioned in the Old Tibetan Annals refers to the royal women who made significant po-litical contributions through political marriages during the period of the Tubo,specifically referring to Tibetan princesses married to foreign kings and foreign princesses married to Tubo kings.The usage of this title spans from the early establishment of the Tubo dynasty to the eve of its peak,reflecting its close relationship with the political marriages of the Tubo.
Old Tibetan Annalsin-law appellations of the Tubobtsan-moje-ba
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