论行政处罚中的阻却责任事由——以无期待可能性为中心的体系分析
张怡静1
作者信息
摘要
行政处罚阻却责任事由的确定,是对责任主义规范功能的认同.无期待可能性是阻却责任事由的概念核心.然而,实定法的错位与行政法学理的忽视导致无期待可能性适用混乱.对应受行政处罚行为,采用阶层式构成要件论更为妥当.界分阻却违法事由与阻却责任事由,从而对应受行政处罚行为有责性展开分析,能够解决无期待可能性引入行政处罚有责性的体系障碍.规范责任论下的无期待可能性,包括作为责任基础的无期待可能性与作为责任要素的无期待可能性.它可以作为超法规的责任阻却事由,只是需对其适用范围作出限制.法益冲突是无期待可能性的存在基础,无期待可能性的适用可以归纳为法益冲突下利益衡量的无期待可能性与依法行为的无期待可能性.前者包括保护更高利益的无期待可能性与履行低阶义务的无期待可能性.厘清期待可能性在行政处罚中的体系定位,进而依托个案解释对无期待可能性在司法上的适用作具体判断,能够有效规范行政处罚权的行使,实现个案行政处罚的公平正义.
Abstract
The determination of the cause of obstructing responsibility in administrative punishment is the recognition of the normative function of responsibility doctrine.Non-expectation possibility is at the core of the concept of the cause of obstructing responsibility.However,the misalignment of positive law and the neglect of administrative law doctrine have led to confusion in the application of non-expectation possibility.It is more appropriate to adopt a hierarchical theory of constituent elements to deal with administratively punished acts.The systematic obstacle of introducing non-expectation possibility into the responsibility of administrative punishment can be solved by dividing the cause of obstructing the violation of law and the cause of obstructing responsibility,so as to analyze the culpability of the act of receiving administrative pun-ishment.Non-expectation possibility under the theory of normative responsibility includes non-expectation possibility as the basis of responsibility and non-expectation possibility as the element of responsibility.It can serve as a cause of obstructing responsibility beyond laws and regulations,only that the scope of its ap-plication needs to be restricted.Conflict of legal interests is the basis for non-expectation possibility,and the application of non-expectation possibility can also be summarized as non-expectation possibility of in-terests evaluation under the conflict of legal interests and non-expectation possibility of the legal act.The former includes non-expectation possibility of protecting higher interests and non-expectation possibility of fulfilling lower-order obligations.Clarifying the systematic positioning of non-expectation possibility in ad-ministrative punishment and relying on case explanations to make specific judgments on the application of non-expectation possibility in the judiciary can effectively regulate the exercise of the power of administra-tive punishment and realize the fairness and justice of administrative punishment in individual cases.
关键词
行政处罚/阻却责任事由/无期待可能性/责任主义Key words
Administrative Punishment/Causes for Obstructing Responsibility/Non-expectation Possibility/Responsibility Doctrine引用本文复制引用
出版年
2025
NETL
NSTL
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