摘要
茶马司是明代管理茶马贸易的专门机构,主要负责川陕边茶与马匹的互市贸易诸事务.明朝最早在秦州建立茶马司,之后还于河州、洮州等地置茶马司,"收贮官茶"以易马.茶马司设有茶马大使、副使等官职,专门管理茶马事宜.文章根据相关文献重新考证了明代茶马司的职能,认为以茶易马、茶马比价、禁贩私茶是其主要职能,此外还对明代茶马司的设置时间、地点、官职构成等进行了全面深入的探讨.
Abstract
The Tea-Horse Agency was a specialized institution in the Ming Dynasty responsible for manag-ing the tea-horse trade,primarily overseeing the barter trade of tea and horses along the Sichuan-Shaanxi bor-der.The first Tea-Horse Agency was established in Qinzhou,followed by similar agencies in Hezhou,Taozhou,and other regions,where"officially collected and stored tea"was exchanged for horses.The agency was staffed with officials such as Tea-Horse Commissioners and Deputy Commissioners dedicated to overseeing tea-horse matters.Based on a reevaluation of relevant historical documents,this paper reexamines the functions of the Tea-Horse Agency in the Ming Dynasty,arguing that its primary roles included bartering tea for horses,deter-mining tea-horse exchange rates,and prohibiting the trafficking of private tea.Furthermore,the study provides a comprehensive discussion on the establishment timeline,locations,and administrative structure of the agency.
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