The historical notes Haiguo Sishuo(Four Descriptions on Foreign Countries)is a representative work by the scholar Liang Tingnan in Qing Dynasty,which expounds on the thought of"planning for maritime defense against the barbarians".The book is rich in Chinese loanwords that record concepts from foreign countries.Compared with the source words,these Chinese loanwords exhibit some regular phonetic changes.In terms of word form,the increased length and added"口"radicals give some loanwords distinct exotic features;the selected characters and the added morphemes also domesticate the loanwords.Among them,the selection of characters uses visual characteristics to construct the relationship between word form and meaning,while the addition of morphemes aims to emphasize semantics and highlight categories.The phenomenon of multiple word forms for one meaning is quite common,which can be attributed to the diversification of writers and their habits of character usage,phonetic perceptions,etc.These may provide some references for the study of notes vocabulary in Qing Dynasty.
Haiguo Sishuoloanwordsexotic featuremultiple word forms for one meaning
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