Correlation analysis on surveillance and incidence of rabies-exposed population in Luzhou City from 2015 to 2022
Objective To understand the exposure characteristics and disposition of the rabies-exposed population in Luzhou City,and to provide basis for rabies elimination work.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze the surveillance data and epidemic data of rabies exposed population in Luzhou City from 2015 to 2022.Excel 2003 software and SPSS 23.0 software were used for Chi-squsre test and rank correlation analysis of the data.And P＜0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results A total of 413 736 cases of rabies exposure were reported in the city from 2015 to 2022,with a male-to-female ratio of 0.92:1 and an average annual exposure rate of 1 226.61/105.Dogs were the main wounding animals(245 735 cases,59.39％),followed by stray animals(16 679 cases,4.03％).Exposure body parts were mainly concentrated in extremities of 380 027 cases(91.85％),and head and neck of 19 978 cases(4.83％).There were 255 044 cases of grade Ⅲ exposures(61.64％).A total of 900 045(21.76％)exposed people had their wounds treated before visiting clinics,and 364 530 cases(88.11％)were treated in PEP(post-exposure prophylaxis)clinics.A total of 391 585(94.65％)cases were fully vaccinated and 41 945(16.45％)were injected with passive immunization preparations.Upward trends(P＜0.05)showed up in the rate of exposure visits,the proportion of stray animal injuries,the rate of head and neck exposure,grade Ⅲ exposure,the rate of wound disposal,and the rate of full vaccination in the past 8 years.The incidence of rabies was negatively correlated with the proportion of surgeons in the PEP clinics,the rate of wound disposal,and the rate of full vaccination(all P＜0.05).The goal of"zero"cases had been achieved from 2021 to 2022.Conclusions The rate of rabies exposure in Luzhou City was relatively high and showed an upward trend,and dogs were the main animals hurting people.The incidence of rabies could be effectively controlled by increasing the rate of wound self-disposal before visiting clinics and the rate of post-exposure visit,strengthening the construction of PEP clinics,standardizing the procedure of wound disposal,and advocating full vaccination of rabies vaccine after exposure.
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