Analysis of the surveillance results of malaria vectors in Sichuan Province in 2022
Objective To analyze the distribution,density and seasonal fluctuation of malaria vector populations in monitoring counties in Sichuan Province,and to provide reference for the disposal of epidemic sites after malaria elimination.Methods From May to September 2022,73 malaria vector population survey monitoring counties and 23 population and density survey monitoring counties were randomly selected to carry out population and density monitoring by light trap method and human tent trap method,respectively.Morphological identification was carried out on the captured mosquitoes.A database of the number and density of captured mosquitoes and Anopheles mosquitoes was established by WPS Office software.SPSS 26.0 was used for descriptive statistical analysis such as variance analysis and Chi-square test,and the test level was α=0.05.Results In 2022,population monitoring was carried out at 165 sites and density monitoring at 23 sites from May to September.A total of 180 402 mosquitoes were captured,of which 26 521(14.70％)were Anopheles mosquitoes.There were 26 274 Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes(99.07％),19(0.07％)Anopheles anthropophilia and 70(0.26％)Anopheles species not identified,and no Anopheles minorum and Anopheles macrophyllum were captured.A total of 3 712 Anopheles sinensis(15.45％)were captured outside houses,14 390(59.88％)in livestock houses,and 5 927(24.67％)in breeding areas by light trapping.Only 18 Anopheles anthropophilia were captured in Qingshen County and Hongya County.The unidentified Anopheles mosquitoes were captured in Zizhong County.There were statistically significant differences in the composition of Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes and Anopheles anthropophilia in different places(x2=29.33,P＜0.001).There were 16 districts and counties that did not capture Anopheles mosquitoes,and Wusheng County caught the most Anopheles sinensis.There was no significant difference in the density of Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes detected in different places(x2=15.66,P=0.11).Anopheles sinensis(2 403)were captured in 22 counties except Anyue County by human tent trap method.Only one Anopheles anthropophilus mosquito was captured in Qingshen County.The average density of Anopheles sinensis was 2.09 mosquitoes/person·hour.From 8 p.m.to 9 p.m.,the highest number of Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes(436)was caught,and the density was 3.79 mosquitoes/person·hour.There was a significant difference in the number of Anopheles sinensis captured in different time periods(F=1 751.96,P＜0.001).In late June,the largest number of Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes(720)were captured,with a density of 3.13 mosquitoes/person·hour.There were also significant differences in the number of Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes captured in different months(F=2 176.56,P＜0.001).Dachuan District and Hongya County captured Anopheles sinensis mosquitoes at every time of the month.Conclusions As malaria vectors persist and imported malaria cases occur from time to time in Sichuan Province,it is necessary to continue to strengthen the surveillance of malaria vectors,adopt appropriate methods,comprehensively assess the situation of epidemic sites,take effective vector control measures in a timely manner,and deal with epidemic sites rationally and scientifically,so as to maintain the achievements of malaria elimination and prevent the emergence of imported secondary cases.
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