Epidemiological characteristics and treatment delay of pulmonary tuberculosis in schools in Sichuan Province from 2012 to 2021
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)in schools in Sichuan Province from 2012 to 2021,and to provide reference for further improving the ability of early warning,monitoring and prevention of tuberculosis in schools.Methods The epidemic data and the population data of students and teachers with pulmonary tuberculosis from 2012 to 2021 were collected from the Tuberculosis Management Information System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the Statistical Yearbook of Sichuan Province.A retrospective description was used,and WPS Office 2019 software was used for data collation and chart production.SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data.Counting data were described by proportion or percentage.Trend analysis was performed by trend Chi-square test,and differences between groups were examined by Chi-square test.The test level α was 0.05,and the test was two-sided.Apache ECharts web version was used to draw a polar heat map to show the trend of student registration rate in each city/prefecture.The registration,epidemiological characteristics and treatment delay of students with pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed.Results From 2012 to 2021,a total of 493 069 pulmonary tuberculosis cases were registered in Sichuan Province,including 31 771 cases of students,accounting for 6.44％of the total patients in the province,and 2 452 cases of teachers,accounting for 0.50％of the total patients in the province.In 2021,the registration rate of PTB among students was 30.80/105(4 662/15 136 588),an increase of 45.49％from 21.17/105(2 883/13 621 295)in 2012,with an average annual increase rate of 4.26％(x2trend=3 893.517,P＜0.001).The registration rate of PTB among teachers was 28.14/105(309/1 098 024),which was 31.96％lower than that of 2012(41.36/105,316/764 032),with an average annual decline rate of 4.37％(x2trend=57.087,P＜0.001).From 2012 to 2016,the registered incidence of PTB in students peaked in March and April.In 2017,the registered incidence peak was in March and December.In 2018,2019 and 2021,the reported peak was in March,April,August and September.In 2020,the reported peak was in May,June,August and September.According to the analysis of the registration and report of PTB among students by region,the average annual registration rate of students with PTB in Sichuan Province from 2012 to 2021 was 22.03/105.There were 14 cities/prefectures with an average annual registration rate lower than the provincial level,and 7 cities/prefectures with an average annual registration rate higher than the provincial level,among which,the highest was 106.60/105 in Ganzi Prefecture,and the lowest was 11.11/105 in Zigong City.The registration rate of tuberculosis among students in most cities/prefectures in Sichuan Province showed a stable or declining trend,but the rising trend was obvious in Aba Prefecture,Ganzi Prefecture and Liangshan Prefecture.The medical care seeking delay rate of students was 55.83％(17 737/31771),and the median time of medical care seeking was 16 days.Conclusions From 2012 to 2021,the epidemic of PTB in students showed an increasing trend,while the tuberculosis epidemic among teachers showed a decreasing trend.The prevalence of PTB among students in ethnic areas where Yi and Tibetan gathered was more serious.
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