摘要
目的 评价在校学生家长流感疫苗接种健康教育效果,为制定流感疫情防控策略提供科学依据.方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法在绵阳市涪城区和游仙区抽取幼儿园、小学和初中学校各1所干预学校.在2021-2022年流感季,对干预学校学生家长开展流感疫苗接种健康教育活动,通过问卷调查评估健康教育效果,采用WPS 2021等软件对数据进行整理分析.结果 通过干预,在校学生家长对流感及流感疫苗相关知识知晓率方面,2道流感知识题的正确率分别从干预前的90.54％、94.17％上升到干预后的93.02％、95.76％,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);态度方面,有4个态度题的正向回答率分别从83.04％、81.08％、79.22％和95.94％上升到了 87.79％、87.38％、83.24％和97.64％,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);行为改变方面,在校学生流感疫苗接种率从61.03％提高到了 78.19％,前往医院就诊并确诊为流感的比率从5.13％下降到了3.22％,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).结论 对在校学生家长施行健康教育干预,可显著提高其对流感及流感疫苗知晓率,改善流感疫苗接种态度,并提高在校学生流感疫苗接种率.
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of a health education intervention on influenza vaccination of parents of school students,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza epidemic.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select one kindergarten,one primary school and one junior high school in Fucheng District and Youxian District of Mianyang City.During the 2021-2022 influenza season,the influenza vaccination health education were carried out for parents of school students in the intervention schools,and the effect of health education was evaluated through a questionnaire survey,WPS 2021 and other software were used to organize and analyze the data.Results After the intervention,the awareness rate of influenza and influenza vaccine-related knowledge,influenza vaccination intention and vaccination behavior of parents of school students had significantly changed.In terms of knowledge awareness rate,the correct rates of the two influenza knowledge questions increased from 90.54％,94.17％to 93.02％,95.76％,respectively,and the differences were considered statistically significant(all P＜0.05);In terms of attitude improvement,the positive response rates of 4 attitude questions increased from 83.04％,81.08％,79.22％and 95.94％to 87.79％,87.38％,83.24％and 97.64％,respectively,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05);In terms of behavior change,the influenza vaccination rate of school students increased from 61.03％to 78.19％,and the rate of went to the hospital and was being diagnosed with influenza decreased from 5.13％to 3.22％,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).Conclusions Health education intervention for parents of school students can significantly improve their awareness of influenza and influenza vaccine,so that to improve their attitude towards influenza vaccination,and increase the influenza vaccination rate of school students.
基金项目
四川省科技计划项目(重点研发项目)(2022YFN0007)
万方数据