Analysis on ecological characteristics and influencing factors of ticks in Yantai city,Shandong province in 2022
Objective To understand the ecological characteristics and related environmental influencing factors of ticks in Yantai city in 2022,so as to provide relevant evidence for tick control and prevention measures.Methods From March to October 2022,parasitic ticks and free ticks were monitored in 8 districts,including Muping district,Development zone,Penglai district,Haiyang city,Laiyang city,Qixia city,Zhaoyuan city,and Laizhou city according to the epidemic reports of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in previous years in Yantai city,in order to understand the ecological charac-teristics such as the distribution and growth rules of ticks in some areas of Yantai city.Based on the distribution informa-tion of ticks in 2022 and related environmental meteorological factors,the ecological niche model(MaxEnt)was used to analyze the potential distribution areas of ticks in Yantai city and the related factors affecting the survival and distribution of ticks.Results The dominant tick species was Haemaphysalis longicornis in Yantai city,and the peak of its fluctua-tion was mainly from April to July,with a strong seasonality(M=0.65).The main host of parasitic ticks was sheep,and the tick index was 4.48.Followed by rural dogs,tick index was 0.51.The main habitat of free ticks was rural external en-vironment,with a density index of 2.50 ticks/(Buqi·100m).There were significant differences in the distribution of ticks among different hosts and habitats(x2=139.765,P＜0.001;x2=258.934,P＜0.001).All the investigated districts and municipalities had tick habitat areas,and the main factors affecting the distribution of ticks were land cover type,monthly mean maximum temperature and monthly cumulative precipitation,with contribution rates of 24.9％,11.0％and 10.5％,respectively.Ticks were most suitable for survival when the land cover types were urban residential areas,forested grasslands and deciduous broad-leaved forests,and when the av-erage monthly maximum temperature reached 13.2 ℃ and the cumulative monthly precipitation amounted to 58.01 mm.Conclusion Ticks are distributed in all the 8 monitoring districts in Yantai city,and were affected by meteorological and environmental factors.The potential distribution range of ticks is wide and the potential harm is great.
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