Exposure characteristics of chemical pollutants in indoor air of public places and health risk assessment of employees in Zhangqiu district Jinan city
Objective To understand the indoor air pollution status of chemical pollutants in hotels,beauty salons,hair salons,shopping malls,and gyms in Zhangqiu district,Jinan city,and to evaluate the health risks to employees.Methods From 2021 to 2023,public places in Zhangqiu district of Jinan city were monitored for health hazards in January and July each year,including 162 hotels,296 hair salons,202 beauty salons,45 shopping malls,and 58 gyms.Sampling and testing were conducted in accordance with GB/T 18204.2-2014"Methods for Health Inspection of Public Places Part 2:Chemical Pollutants".Evaluation was conducted in accordance with GB 37488-2019"Health Indicators and Limit Requirements for Public Places"to analyze the distribution characteristics of 5 types of chemical pollutants in indoor air of public places from 2021 to 2023,including formaldehyde,ammonia,benzene,toluene,and xylene.Five workers in each pub-lic place were selected,and the basic information of the workers was investigated by questionnaire,and the health risk as-sessment of the inhalation pathway of the workers was carried out by using WS/T 777-2021"Technical Guidelines for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Substances".Results The exceeding rates of formaldehyde,ben-zene,toluene,and xylene in the indoor air of hotels(hotels,hotels)were 11.54％,5.77％,0.85％,and 0.64％,respective-ly.The exceeding rates of formaldehyde,benzene,and ammonia in hair salons were 7.09％,3.04％,and 6.42％,respective-ly.The exceeding rates of formaldehyde,benzene,and ammonia in beauty shops were 4.95％,5.44％,and 4.45％,respec-tively.The exceeding rates of formaldehyde and benzene in shopping malls were 9.09％and 1.82％,respectively.The ex-ceeding rates of formaldehyde and benzene in gyms were 4.31％and 3.45％,respectively.Both formaldehyde and benzene in the indoor air of 5 types of public places had a carcinogenic risk(CR),and the minimum CR for formaldehyde was＞1.0× 10-6,median CR of benzene＞1.0× 10-6,both formaldehyde and benzene had maximum CR values＞1.0× 10-4.Among the 5 types of indoor air in public places,formaldehyde had the highest chronic non carcinogenic risk(HQ)for employees,with a median HQ of＞1 and a probability distribution of 61.11％to 97.63％.Followed by benzene,the HQ of the maximum concentration value was＞1,with a probability distribution of 3.45％to 40.20％.The lowest non carcinogenic risk was toluene and xylene,with a maximum HQ value of＜1,and a HQ value of＞1 for the maximum am-monia concentration in the air of hair salons.Conclusion Formaldehyde and benzene should be considered as the prima-ry control chemicals in 5 categories of public places,namely hotels,hotels,hairdressers,beauty salons,shopping malls and gyms in Zhangqiu district,Jinan city.Ammonia is a non-carcinogenic risk at a few sites,and toluene and xylene concentra-tions are exceeded at a few sites.
Public placeIndoor airChemical pollutantsHealth risk
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
