摘要
目的 系统分析电力行业高温职业危害特征及预防措施,为完善高温防控工作提供参考.方法 系统检索中国知网、维普、万方、SinoMed、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane数据库收录的电力行业高温职业危害文献,时间截至2022年1月29日.对文献中高温职业危害发生情况及症状进行分析,对现有预防措施进行归纳总结.结果 共纳入文献122篇,研究对象多为发电企业(93.44％);2篇文献报道了高温职业危害检出情况,报告的高温职业危害多为血压异常、心血管系统变化等长期影响;预防措施以加强通风(42.37％)、高温设备隔热(48.31％)、安装降温装置(52.54％)等工程控制为主;高温职业危害的应急措施(4.24％)和高温相关教育培训(4.24％)报道较少.结论 电力行业高温职业危害方面的相关研究相对缺乏,尤其缺乏针对急性高温职业危害的研究.虽然企业实施了较多工程控制方面的预防措施以降低作业环境温度,尚缺乏高温职业危害应急处置及健康教育等预防措施.
Abstract
Objective To systematically analyse the characteristics of high-temperature occupational hazards and preven-tive measures in the electric power industry,and to provide reference for the improvement of high-temperature prevention and control work.Methods Systematically searched the literatures about high-temperature occupational hazards in the power industry published in the databases of CNKI,VIP,Wanfang,SinoMed,PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane until Januar-y 29,2022,analyzed the occurrence and symptoms of high-temperature occupational hazards,and summarized the existing preventive measures.Results A total of 122 articles were involved,and most of the research objects were power genera-tion enterprises,accounting for 93.44％.Specifically,the detection rate of high-temperature occupational hazards was cov-ered in 2 articles with mostly reported long-term effects such as abnormal blood pressure and changes in the cardiovascular system.The main preventive measures were engineering controls such as ventilation(42.37％),thermal insulation equip-ment(48.31％),and installation of cooling devices(52.54％).However,emergency measures for high-temperature haz-ards(4.24％),and heat-related education and training(4.24％)have been rarely reported.Conclusion There is a rela-tive lack of research on occupational hazards of high temperatures in the power industry,especially on acute occupational hazards of high temperatures.Although many measures have been implemented to reduce the temperature of the work en-vironment,there is still a lack of prevention and control measures for outdoor work,high-temperature emergency respon-ses,and health education measures.
基金项目
国家电网公司总部科技项目(5200-202116089A-0-0-00)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据