Analysis on etiology and epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Weihai city,Shandong province from 2018 to 2022
Objective To explore the etiology and epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases pathogens in Weihai city of Shandong province,so as to provide reference basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases.Methods Information on active surveillance cases of foodborne diseases at Weihai Municipal Hospital from 2018 to 2022 were collected,and stool or anal swab samples were tested for relevant pathogens.The x2 test was used to compare the differences in pathogen detection rates among different groups,and logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for pathogen detection.Results A total of 1 311 cases were collected,with a total pathogen detection rate of 19.37％(254/1311),including Norovirus(10.22％),Salmonella(4.96％),Vibrio parahaemolyticus(4.20％),Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli(DEC)(0.23％),and Shigella(0.15％).In terms of seasonal distribution,Norovirus had a high detec-tionrate in the first and fourth quarters(x2=23.40,P＜0.001);and that of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the highest in the third quarter(x2=44.37,P＜0.001).The most common clinical symptom of positive cases of Norovirus,Salmonella,and Vibrio parahaemolyticus was diarrhea(98.03％),followed by nausea(51.97％),vomiting(48.03％),abdominal pain(35.83％),fever(25.20％).The main viral pathogen of Norovirus was GⅡ(55.22％,74/134);The dominant serotypes of Salmonella were Salmonella Enteritidis(60.0％,39/65)and Typhimurium(12.31％,8/65).The dom-inant serotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was changed from O3∶K6(serotype composition ratio in 2018-2022,were respectively 71.43％,59.09％,75.00％,25.00％,0.00％)to O10∶K4(serotype composition ratio in 2018-2022,were respectively 0.00％,0.00％,0.00％,66.67％,55.56％).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that workers(OR=4.865,95％CI:1.449-16.334),preschool children(OR=4.271,95％CI:1.202-15.178),students(OR=3.884,95％CI:1.136-13.283),household chores,or unem-ployed individuals(OR=4.257,95％CI:1.283-14.125)had a higher risk of detecting pathogen compared with farmers in different professions;A higher risk of detecting pathogens were found in various foods(OR=2.811,95％CI:1.737-4.549).Conclusion Norovirus is the main pathogen of foodborne diseases in Weihai city,followed by Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.The prevalence of foodborne disease pathogens in WeiHai is relatively high.The occupation of the patients,and food types are influencing factors for pathogen detection.
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