Monitoring soil salinization on the basis of remote sensing and proximal soil sensing:Progress and perspective
As a global problem of soil degradation,salinization has become a major obstacle to the sustainable development of the ecological environment and agriculture.Moreover,it has become one of the major environmental and socioeconomic issues globally.However,the traditional process of salinity survey is too cumbersome,expensive,and time consuming to meet the mapping needs in a large scale.Remote sensing and proximal soil sensing technology has become important tools for rapid,accurate,and efficient acquisition and monitoring of soil salinization.The appropriate mapping methods are directly related to the spatial scale of interest.The need of regional soil salinity mapping was also one of the first published geostatistical applications.Macroscopic maps of salt affected soils at global scale may roughly illustrate the extent of the environmental problem;however,regional or greater level assessments are based on remote sensing and geographic information systems coupled with ground measurements.Applying remote sensing technology to the monitoring of soil salinization to obtain soil salinization information has become a trend.This article discusses the detection mechanisms,multisource data,and methods for monitoring soil salinization.Multiple sensors installed on different platforms can provide considerable earth observation information with various temporal,spatial,and spectral resolutions.On the basis of height,the observation platforms can be divided into near ground(proximal),airborne,and spaceborne remote sensing.With regard to the operating principle,these sensors can be mainly divided into electromagnetic sensors and optical/radiational sensors.Among them,spectral imaging and thermal infrared sensors are suitable for various observation platforms,while ground penetrating radar and electromagnetic induction are only suitable for near-ground soil salinization monitoring.The mainstream methods can be categorized into(1)thematic information extraction,(2)spectral index development,(3)quantitative retrieval modeling,and(4)digital soil mapping.On the basis of the above,this review summarized and explained the limitations of the current research fields and framework,monitoring data,monitoring methods,and scale effects.The integration of spacebome remote sensing data with ground-based sensor information,complemented by the agile observational capabilities of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs),enables us to transcend the limitations of noncoordinated Earth observation techniques.This integration allows for comprehensive coverage from a broad-scale perspective down to specific localized points.In summary,the core of the integration of satellite,UAV,and proximal sensing for soil salinization monitoring lies in the fusion of data from diverse sources,the establishment of quantitative models,and the extension of spatial scales.Finally,for future development and actual application needs,this review discussed the prospect for the further development of soil salinization studies on the basis of remote sensing and proximal soil sensing.To further advance and optimize technology,analysis,and retrieval methods,we identify critical future research needs and directions:(1)secondary soil salinization monitoring based on multisource data fusion,(2)multiscale collaborative monitoring of soil salinization,(3)improving detection depth on the basis of multidisciplinary knowledge,and(4)sharing research data and platform based on cloud computing.
万方数据
维普
