The Northern Wei was a time when the cultures of the Xianbei,Han and Buddhist peoples collided and merged,and an important period in the construction of Chinese cultural identity.The Yungang Grottoes in this period were both a treasure trove of Buddhist sculpture and a concentrated expression of the cultural consciousness of the Xianbei people,with deer depicted in many of their rich animal carvings.By analysing the deer culture among the various cultures,it can be seen that deer culture was one of the many cultural identities that the Xianbei incorporated into Han culture,and that it played a role in the construction of national social psychology and cultural identity during the Northern Wei dynasty.
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