As the most representative inscriptions in the regular-script of the Northern Wei dynasty,Zhang Menglong's stele is a treasure that calligraphers of all dynasties have been endeavoring to copy.At present,the attention to it is still mainly focused on calligraphy research.However,as a historical document,some of the issues have been the focus of disputes over the past dynasties.There have been lots of previous studies on the counterfeit of Baishui prefecture in Nanyang.It is found that two inscriptions are dif-ferent from historical materials,and the two inscriptions are not found in historical materials.The reasons are as follows.Firstly,the characteristics of the monument owner,Zhang Menglong's political measures of"prospering schools"is exactly in line with the rep-utation of"worshiping Confucianism and prospering schools"of the first monarch Zhang Gui of the former Liang dynasty.Secondly,for the characteristics of the times,there was always an atmosphere of fake family origin in the Northern dynasty.Third,the inscrip-tion has its own attributes.At the beginning of its formation,the inscription has the essence of advocating enlightenment,concealing evil and promoting good.The evolution of ancient scholars'recognition of inscriptions and history reminds scholars in the new era that although gold and stone documents are rare and difficult to seek,they should be treated with caution in combination with their own attributes,the characteristics of inscriptions and the social era.
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