A Review on Extraction of Rubidium and Cesium from Ores
Alkali metals rubidium and cesium has irreplaceable applications in aerospace,defense and mili-tary industries and other high-tech industries,because of their excellent physical and chemical properties.So far,all the commercial products of rubidium and cesium are produced from ore resources.The methods for extracting rubidium and cesium from different mineral resources such as pollucite,lepidolite,zinnwaldite and rubidium-rich granite are reviewed in this paper.These rubidium and cesium are existed in silicate minerals with strong structure and difficult to be destroyed.The mineral phase reconstruction of these ores are only achieved under the environmental conditions of high temperature salt roasting,high acid or high alkali,with rubidium and cesium ions released into the solution.It is highly similar to extract ru-bidium and cesium from different ores,mainly involving sulfuric acid method,limestone sintering method,sulfate roasting method,pressure cooking method and chlorination roasting method.With the rapid development of quantum technology,5G technology and aerospace,especially perovskite solar cells doped with rubidium and cesium are expected to be commercialized,the global demand for rubidium and cesium will rise sharply in the future.Looking forward to the future,the extraction and comprehensive utili-zation of rubidium and cesium associated with ore should be strengthened,and the downstream application of rubidium and cesium should be expanded.
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