Application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in lead-free solders
Advanced surface characterization techniques play a crucial role in the investigation of lead-free solders.As a surface analysis method with high resolution and sensitivity,X-ray photoelectron spectrosco-py(XPS)can accurately analyze the element type and valence states.In this paper,the application of XPS in analysis of chemical composition,oxidation,wetting,corrosion,electromigration and other properties of lead-free solders was mainly introduced.The influencing mechanisms of lead-free solders and solder joint properties were comprehensively discussed from multiple perspectives,which could provide some ref-erences for the studies of lead-free solders by XPS in future.
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