摘要
镍基高温合金中硫显著影响其高温性能,然而,国内相关报道较少,特别是超低硫的优异抗氧化性能,同时,国内尚未建立相应的冶炼以及质量监控体系.基于此,本文对国外相关工作进行了系统梳理.首先,介绍了硫对高温性能,特别是高温力学性能以及高温抗氧化性能的影响,明确硫质量分数低至0.3 µg/g时,氧化层稳定粘附,抗氧化性显著提升;随后,介绍了抑制硫的手段,包括氢还原降低硫含量、添加稀土元素以及氧化钙脱硫等,前者可急剧降低硫含量,但样品尺寸较小,主要用于实验研究,后两者可有效去除硫,已有工业化生产的报道;最后,总结硫的化学分析手段,同位素稀释质谱以及辉光放电质谱已广泛用于超低硫的检测,而二次离子质谱、辉光放电质谱及辉光放电发射光谱等手段已广泛用于硫的分布分析.
Abstract
The content of sulfur in nickel-based superalloy significantly affects its high temperature proper-ty.However,there are few reports about this in China especially the excellent oxidation resistance of ul-tra-low sulfur.Meanwhile,the corresponding smelting and quality monitoring system have been not estab-lished.Therefore,the related studies at abroad were systemically summarized in this paper.Firstly,the influences of sulfur on high temperature property especially high temperature mechanical property and high temperature oxidation resistance were introduced.It was found that when the mass fraction of sulfur was reduced to 0.3 μg/g,the oxidation layer was stably adhered and the oxidation resistance was improved sig-nificantly.Then,the approaches of inhibiting sulfur were introduced,including the decrease of sulfur con-tent by hydrogen reduction,the addition of rare earth elements,and desulfuration with calcium oxide.The content of sulfur could be greatly reduced by the former method,but the sample size was usually small,which was mainly used for experiment research.The latter two methods could effectively remove sulfur and there were some reports on industrial production.Finally,the chemical analysis methods of sulfur were summarized.The isotope dilution mass spectrometry and glow discharge mass spectrometry have been widely used for the detection of ultra-low sulfur.Moreover,secondary ion mass spectrometry,glow discharge mass spectrometry and glow discharge optical emission spectrometry have been widely used for the distribution analysis of sulfur.
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