The causal relationship between time spent outdoors in summer and myopia:based on Mendelian randomization
Objective To study the causal relationship between time spent outdoors in summer and myopia by using a two-sample Mendel randomization analysis.Methods In this study,a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)a-nalysis was conducted,and the data from the Genome-Wide Association Studies(GWAS)were analyzed to identify whether time spent outdoors in summer could exert a causal effect on myopia.The data of exposure events and outcome events were collected based on European descent,with the significant whole genome(P＜0.5 × 10-8)and independent(r2＜0.001)single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)as instrumental variables.The data on time spent outdoors in summer in-cluded 419 314 samples,and the data on myopia included 367906 samples.The OR values were used to evaluate the causal effect of time spent outdoors in summer on myopia risk.Meanwhile,the robustness and pleiotropy of the effect estimates of the heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis were also analyzed.Results The results of inverse variance weighted(IVW)random effects after the analysis based on 33 SNPs were:OR=0.604 952 2;95％CI:0.527-0.693;P=4.959 237 × 10-13.It was found that there was a causal relationship between time spent outdoors in summer and myopia.At the same time,there was some heterogeneity(I2=0.42)and no significant pleiotropy(intercept=-0.0066,SE=0.004 82,P=0.182)in the effect estimation.The IVW analysis results showed that shorter time spent outdoors in summer could increase the risk of myopia.Meanwhile,the analysis results based on the weighted median(WM)method and MR-Egger regression also re-sulted in similar results.The sensitivity analysis showed that genetic pleiotropy did not induce bias in the results.In sum-mary,for every one standard deviation decrease in the time spent outdoors in summer after the logarithmic transformation,the risk of myopia increased by 39％.Conclusion There may be a negative causal relationship between time spent out-doors in summer and myopia.
Mendelian randomizationtime spent outdoors in summermyopiacausal relationship
万方数据
维普
