首页|西北灌区秸秆地膜带状覆盖对玉米产量性能的影响

西北灌区秸秆地膜带状覆盖对玉米产量性能的影响

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长期地膜覆盖在西北绿洲地区造成残膜污染严重、土壤质量恶化以及玉米产量下降等问题.试验设置2个耕作措施(免耕和传统耕作)和5个覆盖方式,调查分析玉米产量及产量性能指标.结果表明,免耕70％地膜覆盖/30％捆状玉米秸秆覆盖(NTP7S3)较对照传统耕作全膜覆盖(CTP)提高平均叶面积指数(MLAI)与平均净同化率(MNAR)分别达到10.7％和14.3％.同时,NTP7S3处理具有调控玉米生长发育动态较强的优势,较CTP处理降低玉米大喇叭口期之前LAI与吐丝期之后NAR分别为27.7％和15.5％,提高玉米大喇叭口期之后LAI与吐丝期之前NAR分别为21.7％和23.0％.NTP7S3处理较CTP处理提高玉米子粒产量达4.6％.相关性分析可知,免耕秸秆地膜带状覆盖获得较高子粒产量源于MLAI、收获指数、穗数、穗粒重和千粒重协同提高.因此,NTP7S3处理能在保证玉米高产稳产的同时减少地膜与机械投入,是西北绿洲灌区玉米生产的可行覆盖措施.
Effect of Strip Mulching with Straw and Plastic Film on Yield Capability for Maize in Northwest Irrigation Areas
In view of the serious residual plastic film pollution,soil quality deterioration and maize yield de-cline were caused by long-term plastic film mulching in the oasis region of northwest China.This experiment was equipped with two tillage practices and five mulching modes were used to investigate and analyze maize yield and yield capability indicators.The results showed that no-tillage combined with 70％plastic film mulching and 30％straw mulching(NTP7S3)increased mean leaf area index(MLAI)and mean net assimilation rate(MNAR)by 10.7％and 14.3％,respectively,compared to the control conventional tillage combined with whole plastic film mulching(CTP).Meanwhile,NTP7S3 had the advantage of strongly regulating the growth and developmental dynamics of maize,reducing LAI before the big flare stage and NAR after the silking stage by 27.7％and 15.5％,respectively,and increasing LAI after the silking stage and NAR before the silking stage by 21.7％and 23.0％,respectively,com-pared with CTP.Therefore,NTP7S3 increased maize grain yield(GY)by up to 4.6％compared to CTP.The correla-tion analysis showed that the higher grain yield obtained by no-tillage combined with strip mulching with straw and plastic film was due to the synergistic improvement of mean leaf area index,harvest index,ear number,kernel num-ber per ear and thousand kernel weight.Thus,the NTP7S3 can ensure high and stable maize yield while reducing plastic film and mechanical inputs,which is a feasible mulching measure for maize production in northwest oasis ir-rigation areas.

MaizeStrip mulching with straw and plastic filmTillage practiceYield capabilityDry irrigated area

李盼、樊志龙、胡发龙、范虹、何蔚、殷文、陈桂平

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甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,兰州 730070

玉米 秸秆地膜带状覆盖 耕作措施 产量性能 干旱灌区

国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金青年导师扶持基金甘肃农业大学伏羲青年人才项目甘肃省重点人才项目中央引导地方科技发展专项

32101857U21A20218GAU-QDFC-2022-1Gaufx-03Y10204197083016ZCYD-2021-10

2024

10.13597/j.cnki.maize.science.20240115

玉米科学
吉林省农业科学院 国家玉米工程技术研究中心(吉林) 国家玉米改良中心 中国农业科技东北创新中心

玉米科学

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.163
ISSN：1005-0906
年,卷(期)：2024.32(1)
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