摘要
穗腐病是玉米的重要病害之一.近年来,由木霉Trichoderma spp.引起的穗腐病逐年加重.抗病玉米品种的选育和利用是控制穗腐病的经济、安全和有效措施.连续3年(2020-2022年)比较分析花丝喷雾法、花丝通道注射法、子粒注射法、牙签法等接种方法对玉米木霉穗腐病抗性鉴定效果.结果表明,花丝通道注射法发病强度适中,能使不同品种在人工接种后表现出不同水平的抗性反应,较适用于玉米抗木霉穗腐病鉴定接种,是一种比较理想、容易操作的接种方法.2021-2022年鉴定的玉米新品种中,对木霉穗腐病表现高抗、抗性、中抗、感病和高感的品种分别占 2.6％、13.6％、26.0％、44.4％和 13.4％.
Abstract
Ear rot is a serious disease of maize.The ear rot caused by Trichoderma spp.is increasing year by year in China.The development and utilization of resistant cultivars is the most economical,safe,and effective meth-od for controlling ear rot.Over the past three years(2020-2022),four methods of resistance identification have been compared,including silk spraying,silk channel injection,kernel injection,and the two toothpicks method.The re-sults showed that the silk channel injection method had moderate disease intensity,which could make different vari-eties show different levels of resistance responses after artificial inoculation.Silk channel injection was a desired and easy-to-operate inoculation method,which was conducive to the natural expansion and infection of pathogens.During 2021-2022,2.6％,13.6％,26.0％,44.4％,and 13.4％of new maize varieties were highly resistant,resistant,moderately resistant,susceptible and highly susceptible to Trichoderma ear rot,respectively.
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